General Internal Medicine:

Objective: To provide primary care and manage common adult diseases.

Examples: Diagnosis and management of hypertension, diabetes, asthma, and infections.

Cardiology:

Objective: To diagnose and treat diseases related to the heart and circulatory system.

Examples: Treatment of coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and hypertension.

Pulmonology:

Objective: To manage diseases of the lungs and respiratory system.

Examples: Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia.

Gastroenterology:

Objective: To treat diseases of the digestive system.

Examples: Management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), liver diseases, and gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD).

Endocrinology:

Objective: To manage disorders of the endocrine glands and hormones.

Examples: Treatment of diabetes, thyroid disorders, and adrenal gland diseases.

Nephrology:

Objective: To treat diseases of the kidneys.

Examples: Management of chronic kidney disease, kidney stones, and dialysis.

Infectious Disease:

Objective: To diagnose and treat infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

Examples: Management of HIV, tuberculosis, and viral hepatitis.

Rheumatology:

Objective: To diagnose and treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Examples: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and osteoarthritis.

Hematology:

Objective: To diagnose and treat blood disorders.

Examples: Management of anemia, leukemia, and clotting disorders.

Oncology:

Objective: To diagnose and treat cancers.

Examples: Management of breast cancer, lung cancer, and hematologic malignancies like lymphoma.

Critical Care Medicine:

Objective: To provide intensive care for critically ill patients.

Examples: Management of patients with sepsis, respiratory failure, or organ failure in intensive care units (ICUs).

Non-Surgical Procedures:

Objective: To treat and manage conditions without requiring surgery.

Examples: Medication management for hypertension, cholesterol management, and lifestyle counseling for diabetes.