Cardiac Surgery

Objective: To treat conditions affecting the heart, including coronary artery disease, heart valve disorders, and congenital heart defects.

Examples: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), heart valve repair or replacement, aortic aneurysm surgery, and heart transplantation.

Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery

Objective: To perform heart surgery with smaller incisions, leading to quicker recovery and less postoperative pain.

Examples: Minimally invasive CABG, robotic-assisted heart valve surgery, and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Lung Surgery

Objective: To treat conditions affecting the lungs, including lung cancer, infections, and chronic lung diseases.

Examples: Lobectomy (removal of a lung lobe), pneumonectomy (removal of a whole lung), and lung transplantation.

Thoracic Surgery

Objective: To treat diseases affecting the chest cavity, including the lungs, esophagus, and diaphragm.

Examples: Esophagectomy (removal of the esophagus), surgery for mediastinal tumors, and surgery for pleural diseases like mesothelioma.

Congenital Heart Surgery

Objective: To treat congenital heart defects in infants, children, and adults with conditions present from birth.

Examples: Repair of atrial septal defects (ASD), ventricular septal defects (VSD), tetralogy of Fallot, and corrective surgery for transposition of the great arteries.

Heart Transplantation

Objective: To replace a diseased or damaged heart with a healthy donor heart.

Examples: Orthotopic heart transplantation for end-stage heart failure and heart-lung transplantation in certain conditions.

Vascular Surgery

Objective: To treat vascular diseases related to the arteries and veins, particularly those in the chest and heart.

Examples: Surgery for aortic aneurysms, carotid artery disease, and endovascular procedures like stenting for thoracic aneurysms.

Cardiac Arrhythmia Surgery

Objective: To correct abnormal heart rhythms through surgical interventions.

Examples: Maze procedure for atrial fibrillation, implantation of pacemakers, and defibrillator surgeries.

Esophageal Surgery

Objective: To treat disorders of the esophagus, including cancer, reflux, and strictures.

Examples: Fundoplication for GERD, esophagectomy for cancer, and repair of achalasia.

Thoracic Endovascular Surgery

Objective: To treat diseases of the aorta and major blood vessels using minimally invasive techniques.

Examples: Endovascular stent grafts for aortic aneurysms, endovenous procedures for arterial blockages, and endovenous laser treatment for varicose veins.